Typical heat ranges for passenger car engines are usually between 500 and 850 ☌ (932 and 1,562 ☏). Heat range Longer insulator tip (in gray) for the "hotter" spark plugĪn important factor for a spark plug is the temperature that the tip is designed to withstand, called the heat range. These spark plugs and usually designated as such by a suffix to the part number of the spark plug. Producing spark plugs with a specific orientation of the gap relative to the threads of the shell.This must be done individually for each plug, as the orientation of the gap with respect to the threads of the shell is usually random. Using thin washers to set the amount of thread engaged by the spark plug, thus determining the orientation of the spark plug within the cylinder head.This is claimed to improve ignition by maximising the exposure of the fuel-air mixture to the spark in every cylinder. the side not shrouded by the side electrode), faces the center of the combustion chamber. "Indexing" of plugs upon installation involves installing the spark plug so that the open area of the gap (i.e. ( April 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification. The disadvantage of multiple side electrodes is that a shielding effect can occur for each electrode, leading to a less efficient burn and increased fuel consumption. Multiple side electrodes generally provide longer life, as when the spark gap widens due to electric discharge wear, the spark moves to another closer ground electrode. Spark plugs can contain up to four side electrodes surrounding the central electrode. The side electrode is made from high-nickel steel and is welded or hot forged to the side of the metal shell. The side electrode (which is colder and blunter) requires up to 45 percent higher voltage, therefore only wasted spark systems use the side electrode as the cathode. The sharp tip of the central electrode also increases the electrical field strength, thus increasing the emission of electrons. This is because the central electrode is usually the hottest part of the plug, and thermionic emission principles mean it is easier to eject electrons from a hotter surface. The central electrode setup as the cathode from where the electrons are ejected. The central electrode is connected to the terminal through an internal wire.
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